1
2	"WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN..." WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A CHRONOLOGIST AND A HISTORIAN? (1) CHRONOLOGIST: RECORDS “FACTS” HISTORIAN: INTERPRETS, ANALYSES, AND DRAWS CONCLUSIONS
3	"HISTORY – THE STUDY OF..." HISTORY – THE STUDY OF MAN’S PAST, PLACED WITHIN A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORD, WHICH, THROUGH THE USE OF APPROPRIATE SOURCES, RESULTS IN INTERPRETIVE CONCLUSIONS, COMPILED IN AN APPROPRIATE FORM.
4	"MILITARY HISTORY –" MILITARY HISTORY – THE STUDY OF MAN’S ORGANIZED CONFLICT, ON A VARIETY OF LEVELS, WHICH LEADS TO GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF WAR AND MAN’S ABILITY TO CONDUCT IT.
5	"“ NO SOURCE ANSWERS A..." “ NO SOURCE ANSWERS A QUESTION NOT ASKED” … BUT SOURCE ANALYSIS (AND A FINAL WORK) IS CRITICAL!
6	"SOURCES – DOCUMENT:" SOURCES – DOCUMENT: WRITTEN DOCUMENT: PRINTED WITNESS / PARTICIPANT PAINTING/PHOTOGRAPHS ARTIFACT STRUCTURE/MOMUMENT and STATUE TERRAIN/SITE FILM BOOK
7	DOCUMENTS
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19	PAINTING/PHOTOGRAPHS
20
21
22
23
24
25
26	Statues and Monuments – (I)
27	Statues and Monuments – (II)
28
29	The Artifact!
30
31	ISSUE: Shoulder Sleeve Insignia
32	What does this picture tell you about these troops?
33	TERRAIN/SITE
34	SITE VISIT: HADRIAN’S WALL
35
36
37	SITE VISIT, CONSIDERATION OF: ANTIETAM
38	FILM
39	USMC ON FILM – I: JOHN WAYNE The Troops! The Officers!
40	USMC ON FILM – II: THE BASICS Recruit Training! (Starring Jack Webb as… “The D.I.” Officer Training! (Gunnery Sergeant Emil Foley)
41	THE BOOK!
42	SOME RESEARCH (AND READING) CONSIDERATIONS
43	“HALO” EFFECT (BIAS) (POSITIVE OF NEGATIVE)
44	OBJECTIVITY U.S. MARINE – MARINE CORPS U.S. ARMY GERMANOPHILES ANGLOPHILES
45	OBJECTIVITY (HALO EFFECT) PERSONAL EXAMPLE - R.A.F, FIGHTER COMMAND, AND THE BATTLE OF BRITIAN - POSITIVE PROBLEM: ENCOUNTER ROYAL AIR FORCE RECORDS IN RESEARCH COMPENSATE: MUST EMPHASIZE MORE CRITICAL EVALUATION
46	"MATTERS OF PERSPECTIVE:" MATTERS OF PERSPECTIVE:
47	"PERSPECTIVES:" PERSPECTIVES:
48	"COLONEL VANDEGRIFT TO COLONEL MATAGUCHI" COLONEL VANDEGRIFT TO COLONEL MATAGUCHI:
49	"COLONEL MATAGUCHI TO COLONEL VANDEGRIFT" COLONEL MATAGUCHI TO COLONEL VANDEGRIFT:
50	"PERSPECTIVE:" PERSPECTIVE: THE BRITISH WAR EFFORT IN WORLD WAR II (1) NORTH AFRICA SPECIALISTS – FOCUS (2) REALITY: PRESPECTIVE OF LONDON
51	"THE FOCUS OF LONDON:" THE FOCUS OF LONDON: (1) GLOBAL CONFLICT (2) NORTH AFRICA ONLY ONE OF MANY CONCERNS (3) MANY THEATRES; SEA, AIR, and GROUND OPERATIONS; DEFENSE OF THE U.K.; ALLIED and NUETRAL RELATIONS; STRATEGY, OPERATIONS, and TACTICS; FINANCES; DIPLOMACY; TECHNOLOGY; THE HOME EFFORT;EMPIRE POST WAR PLANNING; and POST WAR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION and WAR CRIMES TRIALS
52	"NORTH AFRICA FOCUS:" NORTH AFRICA FOCUS: THE ASSOCIATED AREAS AND EVENTS (“LOCALISTIS”) (1) The Mediterranean SLOCs (2) The Suez Canal, Malta, and Gibraltar (3) The Italians (4) The Germans
53	"STEREOTYPES" STEREOTYPES
54	"STEREOTYPES (I)" STEREOTYPES (I) “ALL GERMANS ARE PRUSSIANS”
55	"STEREOTYPES (II)" STEREOTYPES (II) “THE GERMAN ARMY DID NOT LIGHTLY BESTOW THE RANK OF UNTERFELDWEBEL, AND THE GERMAN OFFICERS HAD THE GOOD SENSE TO LET THE SERGEANTS RUN THEIR ARMY…UNLIKE GERMANS, AMERICANS TEND TO CHAFE AT THE REGIMENTATION OF MILITARY LIFE.”
56	"BEWARE:" BEWARE: THE ILLUSION OF AND CAPTURE OF MYTH EXAMPLE: WORLD WAR II U.S. STRATEGIC PIN POINT BOMBING
57	"TIME AWARENESS" TIME AWARENESS
58
59	TIME AND GEOGRAPHICAL AWARENESS
60
61	"TIME – DISTANCE – COMMUNICATION..." TIME – DISTANCE – COMMUNICATION FACTORS (1) ERA (2) MEANS OF TRAVEL (3) METHODS OF COMMUNICATION (4) DISTANCE
62	TIME – DISTANCE – COMMUNICATION FACTORS
63	CONTEXT: ERA, PLANNING, AND FRICTION - 1914
64
65	CONTEMPORARY SITE, PROBLEMS OF (SALEM CHURCH, FREDERICKSBUIRG)
66	"CONCLUSIONS" CONCLUSIONS
67	"VALUE OF HISTORY:" VALUE OF HISTORY: (1) INSIGHT (2) PERSPECTIVE (3) UNDERSTANDING
68	"THE KEY APPROACH:" THE KEY APPROACH: INQUIRE “HOW” AND “WHY” NOT “WHEN,” “WHERE,” OR “WHAT.”
69	"“ONLY A FOOL LEARNS..." “ONLY A FOOL LEARNS FROM HIS OWN EXPERIENCE; I PREFER TO LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCES OF OTHERS.” -- BISMARK
70	FINAL REFLECTIVE COMMENT! (I) “Several years ago the authors were among a group of historians at Carlisle tasked to develop a list of battles in history where one side “had fought outnumbered and won.” Obviously Chancellorsville was prominently on the list that dutifully made its way to the Pentagon.
71	FINAL REFLECTIVE COMMENT! (II) None of us had the courage, unfortunately, to point out the obvious: whatever gave Lee the victory, it works best when Hooker is the opposing commander.” -- Jay Luvaas and Harold W. Nelson U.S. Army War College Guide to the Battles of Chancellorsville & Fredericksburg (1988), p. xvii
72	QUESTIONS?